Functional fibers | The new favorite in the textile industry! Bamboo pulp fiber known as “breathing”

Let’s learn about green and environmentally friendly bamboo fiber for textiles and how it is produced from? What are its excellent performance and development prospects?

1. Source and characteristics of raw materials

China has 39 genera and more than 500 species of bamboo plants, covering an area of The storage volume, bamboo product output and export volume all rank first in the world. The bamboo forest area accounts for 1/3 of the world’s total area. It is the country with the richest bamboo resources in the world and the country with the longest history of utilizing bamboo resources. It is known as ” “Bamboo Kingdom”.

Bamboo has a short growth period and can be matured in 2-3 years. It can be planted for a long time and can grow up to 3 feet overnight. It can grow and renew quickly and can replace cotton. , wood and other resources to achieve sustainable utilization.

Products made of bamboo fiber can be naturally degraded in the soil and will not cause any pollution to the environment after decomposition. It is a natural, green and environmentally friendly textile raw material and has a unique role in the textile industry. Broad application prospects.

The chemical composition of bamboo is mainly cellulose , hemicellulose and lignin, all three are high polysaccharides, accounting for more than 90% of the dry mass of fiber, followed by protein, fat, pectin, tannin, pigment, ash, etc., especially in bamboo. Contains a substance called bambooquinone, which has antibacterial and anti-mite properties

The main material making up bamboo fiber is cellulose. Its molecular formula is (C6H10O5)n, and its degree of polymerization is generally around 1,000,000. . Its molecular structure can be represented by the following formula:

2. Bamboo fiber classification

The raw material of bamboo pulp fiber is bamboo, which is a part of bamboo fiber similar, but different from traditional bamboo fiber. Bamboo fiber is divided into two categories, namely bamboo original fiber and chemical bamboo fiber. Chemical bamboo fiber is further divided into bamboo pulp fiber and bamboo charcoal fiber.

Bamboo raw fiber is a fiber directly extracted from bamboo using a combination of physical and chemical methods, and then spun and woven into garments , is a natural fiber. The production process is: bamboo → bamboo chips → steamed bamboo chips → crushing and decomposition → biological enzyme degumming → carding fiber → textile fiber. Although bamboo raw fiber has superior performance and the preparation process is simpler than bamboo pulp fiber. However, the process requirements are high, the production is difficult, and it is difficult to mass produce.

Bamboo pulp fiber is made by crushing bamboo to extract cellulose and making pulp, which is then chemically dissolved into viscose bamboo pulp and then wet-spun. The fiber produced belongs to the category of chemical fiber. The preparation process is similar to that of common viscose fiber and modal fiber, and both belong to regenerated cellulose fiber.

Bamboo pulp fiber generally has lower cost and good hygroscopicity and air permeability, and is known as As a “breathing fiber”, the clothes made from it are comfortable to wear, have good spinnability, are easy to process, and have antibacterial and mite removal properties. Therefore, it is favored by people. The bamboo fiber promoted in home textile products on the market today is basically bamboo pulp fiber.

Bamboo charcoal fiber is made of nano-sized bamboo charcoal powder. It is added to the viscose spinning liquid through a special process (using water as the medium, under the action of emulsifying dispersant, and mechanical stirring to form a suspension evenly dispersed by the bamboo charcoal powder), and then Fiber products spun by a similar conventional spinning process. Bamboo charcoal micro powder is made from bamboo using a new process of calcining bamboo at high temperature with pure oxygen and nitrogen barrier delay, followed by airflow crushing and surface modification. Generally, the particle size of bamboo charcoal micro powder does not exceed 3 μm. Bamboo charcoal micro powder used for spinning bamboo charcoal polyester is generally is less than 0.5μm. Then use pre-spinning injection technology to evenly disperse it into the viscose solution, and then wet-spinning the viscose bamboo charcoal fiber [1].

Currently developed include bamboo charcoal viscose fiber, bamboo charcoal polyester, bamboo charcoal nylon, bamboo charcoal magnetic fiber, etc. Bamboo charcoal viscose fiber is prepared by adding nano-sized bamboo charcoal powder emulsion during the spinning process, and the production of bamboo charcoal polyester and bamboo charcoal nylon is carried out by adding prepared bamboo charcoal masterbatch into slices and proceeding through melt spinning. Spinning[2]. Bamboo charcoal particles generally use viscose substrates because the air permeability of cellulose is much higher than that of synthetic fiber resin chips, making it suitable for the development of a new generation of functional fibers [3].

3. Production process

The preparation method of bamboo pulp fiber is similar to that of ordinary viscose fiber, and it can also be produced by new solvent spinning method.

Viscose spinning is the most widely used preparation process for producing bamboo pulp fibers. The specific process is: first use sulfate cooking and multi-stage bleaching process to prepare bamboo fiber pulp, then treat the pulp with alkali and carbon disulfide, dissolve it in sodium hydroxide solution to form a viscose solution, and finally use wet spray, wet Bamboo pulp fiber is made by spinning process.

4. Bamboo pulp fiber Performance features

Due to its special structure and preparation process, bamboo pulp fiber has moisturizing, breathable, antibacterial, and UV resistance functions and other excellent properties.

(1) Good hygroscopicity and breathability

Bamboo pulp fiber is a regenerated cellulose fiber. Its structure is a porous network structure with more hydrophilic groups and good hygroscopicity. In the standard state The moisture regain rate is 13%, and the moisture absorption rate ranks first among all fibers.

Therefore, bamboo pulp fiber textiles make people feel particularly cool and comfortable. When used in winter and spring, they are both fluffy and comfortable and can eliminate excess heat and moisture. They are called ” “Breathing” ecological product.

(2) Good antibacterial performance

Because bamboo contains the bambooquinone factor that has antibacterial and mite-removing properties, bamboo fiber has natural antibacterial properties and will not cause allergic reactions to the skin.

(3) Has deodorizing effect

Bamboo pulp fiber has natural anti-odor properties, mainly because the fiber contains Deodorant substances such as chlorophyll and sodium chlorophylla can remove odor through odor adsorption and oxidative decomposition.

In addition, bamboo pulp fiber wicks away sweat quickly, making the living environment of microorganisms poor, and it can also achieve the deodorizing effect.

(4) With UV protection�Use

Bamboo pulp fiber contains chlorophyll copper sodium, which is a safe and excellent ultraviolet absorber and can effectively block ultraviolet radiation to the human body.

(5) Excellent dyeing performance and dye uptake

Bamboo pulp fiber has a porous network structure and low crystallinity. Reactive dyes can be quickly adsorbed on the bamboo pulp fiber, with high initial dyeing rate and short dyeing time.

Reactive dyes and bamboo pulp fibers form multi-layer physical adsorption through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, with a high dye uptake rate.

(6) Mechanical properties

5. Application fields

Due to its excellent performance characteristics, bamboo pulp fiber is widely used in the textile field.

(1) Knitted fabric

Knitted fabrics produced from bamboo pulp fiber are breathable, hygroscopic, antibacterial, deodorizing, etc. Advantages, so it is particularly suitable for use as underwear and socks.

(2) towel textiles

Bamboo pulp fiber towel products are moisture-absorbent, quick-drying, soft and comfortable Characteristics, related products on the market mainly include bath towels, hand towels, square towels, etc., which are often woven with cotton yarn as the ground yarn and weft yarn, and bamboo pulp fiber yarn as the loop.

(3) Bedding

Bamboo pulp fiber bedding products mainly include bedding sets and quilt products. Bamboo pulp fiber can be blended with other textile materials.Blending �� fiber with linen can optimize the dryness and breathability of bedding; blending with wool can make the product softer and warmer; blending with silk can increase the noble temperament of the fabric.

(4) Hygiene products

Bamboo pulp fiber products are porous, breathable and antibacterial, and are very effective against harmful bacteria Antibacterial effect, so it can be widely used in sanitary materials such as sanitary napkins, masks, panty liners, etc.

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