Mixing of colors
Mixing two colors or several colors with each other is called color mixing. It has three mixing methods: the three primary colors of red, green, and blue are mixed to become white, which is called additive color mixing. The three primary colors of pigments, red (magenta), yellow (lemon yellow), and blue (lagoon), become black when mixed, which is called subtractive color mixing. There is also a neutral mix, the spatial mix. (1) Additive color mixing Additive color mixing is the mixing of complete colors. As the mixing amount of different colors increases, the color brightness gradually increases. When all colors are completely mixed, white appears. That is, white can be obtained by adding the three primary colors. When red and green are added together, they make yellow; when green and blue are added together, they make cyan; when blue and red are added together, they make magenta. This is the secondary color of color. If the finished three primary colors are added to the three adjacent secondary colors, the finished second secondary color can be obtained. By analogy, a nearly complete spectrum of colors can be obtained. Therefore, the colors red, green, and blue are ideal colors for additive color mixing. The additive color mixing effect is completed by the human visual organ, so it is a kind of visual mixing. The result of additive color mixing is changes in hue and brightness. The purity remains unchanged. If you mix the three primary colors in different proportions, you can get more complete colors. For example, red and green fins are mixed in different proportions to obtain: orange, yellow, and yellow-green fins. Red finish and blue finish can be mixed in different proportions to obtain: magenta, magenta, and purple finish. Blue finishes can be obtained by mixing them in different proportions: green blue, cyan, turquoise and other colors. (2) Subtractive color mixing: The mixing of various pigments or various dyes should be mixed by subtractive color mixing. The display of object color is due to the object’s selective absorption and reflection of the complete spectrum. “Draw” means to subtract. When the source remains unchanged, when two or more pigments are mixed, it is equivalent to the white color minus the absorption of various pigments, and the remaining reflected color becomes the mixed pigment color. The mixed new pigment increases the ability to absorb color, while the reflective ability decreases. Therefore, after the pigment is mixed, the brightness and purity of the color are reduced, and the color also changes. The more types of pigments are added to the mixture, the more the white finish will be subtracted and the corresponding reflection will be less, resulting in a color similar to gray.
According to the mixing principle of the subtractive color method, all colors can be obtained by mixing magenta, yellow, and cyan in different proportions. Therefore, these three colors are the three primary colors (i.e., secondary colors) of the pigment; two of the three primary colors are different The pigments are mixed with each other, and the three resulting colors are called tertiary colors (also called secondary colors); the tertiary colors (i.e., complex colors) can be obtained by mixing the three secondary colors with their adjacent three primary colors. (3) Neutral Mixing Neutral mixed colors are also called space mixing. It has similarities with the mixing of colors. It is also the color mixing effect formed during the process of retinal information transmission when colors are introduced into the human eye. Neutral mixing is additive color mixing. It is not a perfect mixture, but a reflection. For example, several colors are painted on a disk, and the various colors are mixed by the rapid rotation of the disk. The mixed colors are reflected and quickly stimulate the human eye one after another or simultaneously, thereby obtaining the mixed colors in vision. Or by intersecting and juxtaposing points or lines of different colors, within a certain visual distance, a color mixing effect similar to circular rotation can be produced. The following rules exist for spatial mixing: (1) When colors that are complementary to each other are mixed in a certain proportion, achromatic gray and chromatic gray can be obtained. For example, when red and green are mixed, gray, red gray, and green gray can be obtained. (2) Mixing of color spaces with non-complementary color relationships produces an intermediate package of two colors. For example, when red and green are mixed, you can get red-purple, purple, and cyan-violet. (3) Mixing the color space of the color system and the five-color system also produces the intermediate color of the two colors. Different purity of red and gray. Mixing red and white can produce light reds of different brightnesses. (4) The brightness of the new color produced when color spaces are mixed is equivalent to the intermediate brightness of the mixed color. (5) There are conditions for color juxtaposition to produce spatial mixing. The mixed colors should be fine dots, thin lines, and dense at the same time. The smaller the dots and the thinner the lines, the more obvious the blending effect will be. The effect of spatial mixing produced by the juxtaposition of colors is related to visual distance. Mixing must occur outside a certain visual distance. The further the distance, the more obvious the mixing effect. (4) Complementary colors In physics, two colors that are white when added together and two pigment colors that are mixed into black or gray-black are called a pair of complementary colors. Two complementary colors are at opposite ends of the diameter of the hue circle. For example, the addition of red and green fins produces white waning, and the addition of green and magenta fins also produces white waning, etc. The addition of magenta and green in the pigment produces black, and the addition of yellow and violet also produces black. The corresponding colors of visual residual images are also complementary colors. The relationship between complementary colors is a person’s psychological balance towards colors and is also an important basis for visual physiology.
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